Oké Osimiri Uhiensogbu nwere ike imebi mbupu zuru ụwa ọnụ,
Oké Osimiri Uhie,

Asambodo MIC nke Vietnam

Circular 42/2016/TT-BTTTT kwuru na a naghị ekwe ka ebupụ batrị arụnyere na ekwentị mkpanaaka, mbadamba na akwụkwọ ndetu na Vietnam ma ọ bụrụ na edobere ha akwụkwọ ikike DoC kemgbe Oct.1,2016. A ga-achọkwa DoC inye mgbe ị na-etinye Ụdị Nkwado maka ngwaahịa njedebe (ekwentị mkpanaaka, mbadamba na akwụkwọ ndetu).

MIC wepụtara ọhụrụ Circular 04/2018/TT-BTTTT na May,2018 nke na-akọwa na ọ dịghị ọzọ IEC 62133:2012 akụkọ nke esenidụt accredited laabu na-anabata na July 1, 2018. Mpaghara ule dị mkpa mgbe itinye akwụkwọ maka ADoC akwụkwọ.

▍ Ụkpụrụ nyocha

QCVN101: 2016/BTTTT (na-ezo aka na IEC 62133: 2012)

▍PQIR

Gọọmenti Vietnamese nyere iwu ọhụrụ No. 74/2018 / ND-CP na Mee 15, 2018 iji kwupụta na ụdị ngwaahịa abụọ a na-ebubata na Vietnam bụ n'okpuru ngwa PQIR (Nleba Nleba Ogo Ngwaahịa) mgbe a na-ebubata na Vietnam.

Dabere na iwu a, Ministry of Information and Communication (MIC) nke Vietnam nyere akwụkwọ ikike 2305/BTTTT-CVT na July 1, 2018, na-akọwa na ngwaahịa ndị dị n'okpuru ya (gụnyere batrị) ga-etinyerịrị maka PQIR mgbe a na-ebubata ya. banye Vietnam. A ga-edobe SdoC iji mechaa usoro mkpochapụ kọstọm. Ụbọchị ọrụ nke ntinye iwu nke iwu a bụ August 10, 2018. PQIR na-emetụta otu mbubata na Vietnam, ya bụ, oge ọ bụla onye na-ebubata ngwaahịa na-ebubata, ọ ga-etinye akwụkwọ maka PQIR (nyocha batch) + SDoC.

Agbanyeghị, maka ndị na-ebubata ngwa ngwa na-ebubata ngwa ahịa na-enweghị SDOC, VNTA ga-enyocha PQIR nwa oge wee kwado mkpochapụ kọstọm. Mana ndị mbubata kwesịrị ịnyefe SDoC na VNTA iji mechaa usoro mkpochapụ kọstọm n'ime ụbọchị ọrụ iri na ise ka emechara kọstọm. (VNTA agaghịzi ewepụta ADOC gara aga nke bụ naanị ndị nrụpụta mpaghara Vietnam)

▍ Gịnị kpatara MCM?

● Onye na-ekesa ozi kacha ọhụrụ

● Onye rụpụtara ụlọ nyocha batrị Quacert

MCM si otú a bụrụ onye na-ahụ maka ụlọ nyocha a na Mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau na Taiwan.

● Ọrụ Ụlọ Ọrụ Otu nkwụsị

MCM, ezigbo ụlọ ọrụ nkwụsịtụ, na-enye nnwale, asambodo na ọrụ nnọchite anya maka ndị ahịa.

NkeOké Osimiri Uhiebụ naanị ụzọ ụgbọ mmiri si aga n'etiti oke osimiri Atlantic na India. Ọ dị na njikọ nke kọntinent abụọ nke Eshia na Africa. Ngwugwu ndịda ya jikọtara oke osimiri Arab na oke osimiri India site na Bab el-Mandeb Strait, na nsọtụ ugwu ya jikọtara ya na Oké Osimiri Mediterenian na Atlantic Ocean site na Suez Canal. Ụzọ site na Bab el-Mandeb Strait, Oké Osimiri Uhie na Ọwa Mmiri Suez bụ otu n'ime ụzọ ụgbọ mmiri na-ekwo ekwo n'ụwa. Ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri Suez kwesịrị ịbụ akwara ụgbọ njem kachasị ukwuu n'ụwa, ọkachasị mgbe ọwa mmiri Panama na-eche oke ụkọ mmiri ihu ugbu a yana belata ikike ịnya ụgbọ mmiri. Dị ka ọwa okporo ụzọ maka Asia-Europe, Asia-Mediterranean, na Asia-Eastern United States ụzọ, Suez Canal, mmetụta ya na azụmahịa zuru ụwa ọnụ na mbupu na-adịwanye mkpa. Dị ka akwụkwọ akụkọ Neue Zürcher Zeitung si kwuo, ihe dị ka 12% nke ụgbọ njem ibu zuru ụwa ọnụ na-agafe n'Oké Osimiri Uhie na Suez Canal.
Kemgbe ntiwapụ nke ọgba aghara ọhụrụ nke Palestine-Israel, ndị agha Houthi Yemen ewepụtala ngwa ọgụ ngwa ọgụ na ọgụ megide Israel n'ihi “ịkwado Palestine” ma na-aga n'ihu na-awakpo ụgbọ mmiri “ha na Israel jikọrọ aka” na Oke Osimiri Uhie. N'ihi akụkọ na-arịwanye elu nke ụgbọ mmiri azụmahịa na-ebuso n'akụkụ Oké Osimiri Uhie-Mandeb Strait, ọtụtụ ndị na-ebufe ụgbọ mmiri gburugburu ụwa - Swiss Mediterranean, Danish Maersk, French CMA CGM, German Hapag-Lloyd, wdg ekwuputala ka ha zere Red Sea. Ụzọ mmiri. Ruo Disemba 18, 2023, ụlọ ọrụ mbupu ụgbọ mmiri ise kacha elu n'ụwa ekwupụtala nkwusioru nke ụgbọ mmiri n'okporo ụzọ mmiri Red Sea-Suez. Na mgbakwunye, COSCO, Orient Overseas Shipping (OOCL) na Evergreen Marine Corporation (EMC) kwukwara na ụgbọ mmiri ha na-ebu ga-akwụsịtụ ịkwọ ụgbọ mmiri n'Oké Osimiri Uhie. N'oge a, nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ na-ebubata akpa n'ụwa amalitela ma ọ bụ na-achọ ịkwụsịtụ ụgbọ mmiri n'okporo ụzọ Oké Osimiri Uhie-Suez.
Nsogbu nke Oké Osimiri Uhie egbochila ntinye akwụkwọ na ụzọ niile dị n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ na East Asia, gụnyere Middle East, Red Sea, North Africa, Black Sea, Eastern Mediterranean, Western Mediterranean na n'ebe ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ Europe. Nsogbu nkịtị chere ugbu a ihu, na mgbakwunye na ịrị elu ụgwọ. , bụ enweghị ohere. Ikike ụlọ ọrụ na-ebufe ụgbọ mmiri siri ike, ibu oké osimiri amụbaala, nnukwu oghere dị na arịa ndị na-adịghị efu emewo ka a jụ ịdebanye aha ọtụtụ ngwa ahịa dị ize ndụ (nke nwere ibu batrị lithium). A na-ebute ibu izugbe n'ụgbọ mmiri ụzọ. Ahịrị mbupu amalitela ịchọ ka ibugharị ihe ebugoro n'Oké Osimiri Uhie na gburugburu Cape of Good Hope. Nke a pụtara na ọ dị mkpa ka edozie mbupu ibu mbụ yana ịgbatị oge njem.
Ọ bụrụ na onye ahịa ekwenyeghị na ntụgharị ahụ, a ga-agwa ha ka ha kpochaa ibu ahụ ma weghachite akpa ahụ. Ọ bụrụ na akpa ahụ ka nọ, a ga-akwụrịrị ụgwọ ndị ọzọ maka iji ogologo oge. Aghọtara na a ga-ana ihe mgbakwunye US $1,700 maka akpa dị n'ụkwụ 20 ọ bụla, a ga-anakwa US $2,600 ọzọ maka akpa dị n'ụkwụ 40 ọ bụla.